diff --git a/docs/adr/0027-a-skill-body-and-its-allowed-tools-must-agree.md b/docs/adr/0027-a-skill-body-and-its-allowed-tools-must-agree.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6774732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/adr/0027-a-skill-body-and-its-allowed-tools-must-agree.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# A skill's body and its `allowed-tools` must agree — a spawning step needs a spawn tool or no list
+
+**Status:** Accepted (2026-09-21)
+
+`plugins/bin/.apm/skills/research/SKILL.md` once told the agent to "spawn one subagent per URL"
+while its `allowed-tools` granted nothing that spawns. `WebFetch` was granted, so it never
+hard-failed: it degraded to serial fetches in the orchestrator's own context, and the "in
+parallel" wording, the page cap and the "subagents summarise, orchestrator writes" gotcha all
+quietly stopped meaning anything. The #99 retrofit rewrote steps 4 and 5 as honest serial reads
+with a real page cap and per-page reduction to notes (#116).
+
+The defect was a **mismatch between what the body instructs and what `allowed-tools` permits**. It
+was not that a skill spawned subagents. Three skills spawn today and work: `write-docs` (Reader
+Testing sub-agent), `improve-codebase-architecture` (`Explore`, and 3+ parallel sub-agents in
+`references/interface-design.md`) and `forge` (fork and clean-context subagents). None declares
+`allowed-tools`, so all inherit every tool, spawning included. `research` was the only one that
+both restricted the list and instructed spawning.
+
+**Decision: a skill may instruct spawning subagents, provided its `allowed-tools` agrees with its
+body.** Either:
+
+- omit `allowed-tools`, so the skill inherits every tool on every target; or
+- list the spawn tool — only once its per-target name is known, since `allowed-tools` is a flat list
+  and `claude`, `copilot` and `codex` name it differently.
+
+A step that needs a tool the list does not grant must be rewritten as a step that does not need it.
+That is what the #99 retrofit did to `research`, and it stays correct until one of the two options
+above is taken.
+
+Fan-out is not confined to agents. `CONTEXT.md` says a plugin-scope agent *delegates to skills*
+because it cannot disclose to itself; it does not say skills may not delegate.
+
+## Consequence for `research`
+
+Its fan-out is restored, and `allowed-tools` is dropped to do it (version 1.0.1 → 1.1.0). That is
+the first of the two options above; the second is unavailable until the per-target spawn tool names
+are known.
+
+The cost is stated rather than hidden: `research` fetches arbitrary web pages, and inheriting every
+tool widens what an injected page could reach for. Two things bound it. The subagents only read and
+summarise, and the orchestrator alone writes files, so the write surface is unchanged in intent. And
+the least-privilege list was never enforceable across targets anyway, since it could not name a
+spawn tool. If a per-target form of `allowed-tools` appears, restore a list that includes the spawn
+tool.
+
+Rejected: banning spawning in skills (contradicted by three working skills, and unsupported by
+`CONTEXT.md`), and guessing a per-target spawn tool name in `allowed-tools` (no per-target form
+exists, and a wrong guess reproduces the defect silently).
diff --git a/plugins/bin/.apm/skills/research/SKILL.md b/plugins/bin/.apm/skills/research/SKILL.md
index b25bb47..941ae36 100644
--- a/plugins/bin/.apm/skills/research/SKILL.md
+++ b/plugins/bin/.apm/skills/research/SKILL.md
@@ -6,17 +6,8 @@ description: >-
   documentation written from existing code or specs -> `write-docs`. Not a bug
   or incident -> `diagnose`.
 metadata:
-  version: "1.0.1"
+  version: "1.1.0"
   category: research
-allowed-tools:
-  - Grep
-  - Glob
-  - Read
-  - Write
-  - WebSearch
-  - WebFetch
-  - mcp__context7__resolve-library-id
-  - mcp__context7__query-docs
 model: sonnet
 ---
 
@@ -25,6 +16,7 @@ model: sonnet
 - Never infer the output path. A run writes a directory's worth of files, and a guessed destination scatters them through someone's source tree. If the user named no path, stop and ask.
 - Write nothing outside the given output path. A file placed beside the agreed directory is one the user never asked for and will not think to look for.
 - Never write an empty topic file. A stub `troubleshooting.md` reads downstream as researched and closed.
+- Subagents read and summarise; the orchestrator writes every file. A subagent that writes has no view of the other subagents' notes, so its files collide with theirs.
 - A Context7 response that is a "no results" message, a redirect notice, or header-only boilerplate is not coverage. A topic area counts as covered only when the response carries at least one substantive paragraph.
 
 ## Step 1 — Scope against the working directory
@@ -52,11 +44,11 @@ If nothing usable comes back, stop and report what was searched, then ask for st
 
 ## Step 4 — Read the sources
 
-`WebFetch` each URL in turn. No subagent tool is granted here, so the reads are serial and every fetched page lands in this context: reduce each page to notes by topic area, plus the links worth deepening, before fetching the next one.
+Spawn one subagent per URL, in parallel. Each fetches its page with `WebFetch` and returns notes by topic area plus the links worth deepening — never the raw page. The pages stay out of this context; only the notes come back.
 
 ## Step 5 — Deepen
 
-`WebFetch` the links worth following, still one at a time and still reducing each page to notes. Stop a branch once its content turns repetitive or leaves the topic, and cap the whole step at roughly ten additional pages — serial reads make that cap a real budget, not a formality.
+Spawn one further subagent per link worth following, again in parallel and again returning notes only. Stop a branch once its content turns repetitive or leaves the topic, and cap the whole step at roughly ten additional pages.
 
 ## Step 6 — Write